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English Revolutions in the 17th Century: An Overview
The period began with the struggle against the Tudors, and ended with the ascension of Dutch monarchs to the English throne.
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Unification of Germany: Origins, Wars & Bismarck’s Role
Germany was created from wars that unified various small kingdoms and two larger ones: Austria and Prussia.
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Unification of Italy: Summary, Origins, Phases
The Risorgimento made Italy become an independent country thanks to revolutionaries like Garibaldi and moderates like Cavour.
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Congress of Vienna: Participants, Principles & Decisions
In the Congress of Vienna, European powers reshaped the continent’s map and politics after the Napoleonic Era.
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Napoleonic Era: Summary, Phases & Consequences
For more than one decade, Napoleon reigned over France and dominated Europe, but he was ultimately defeated.
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French Revolution: Summary, Causes & Phases
The French Revolution was the process that began with a challenge to the rule of Louis XVI and ended with Napoleon Bonaparte’s rise to power.
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The 19th Century Revolutions according to Hobsbawm
In the book “Age of Revolution,” Eric Hobsbawm discusses the French Revolution, the Industrial Revolution, and other European uprisings in the 19th century.
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Summary: Diplomacy by Kissinger – Chapter 18 – The Success and the Pain of Containment
This chapter discusses the development of the containment doctrine — the American strategy to win the Cold War.
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Summary: Diplomacy by Kissinger – Chapter 17 – The Beginning of the Cold War
This chapter discusses the disagreements between the United States and the Soviet Union that would lead to the Cold War.
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Summary: Diplomacy by Kissinger – Chapter 16 – Three Approaches to Peace
This chapter discusses peace negotiations in the final months of World War II.
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Protestant Reformation and Counter-Reformation
In the 16th century, a series of religious upheavals swept through Europe, leading to the birth of Protestantism and to a pushback from the Catholic Church.
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Brazilian Economy in the Kubitschek Administration
The JK government modernized and industrialized Brazil but left a poor legacy for its successors.
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Imperialism: Causes, Factors, Characteristics
Imperialism was the expansion of European territorial dominance around the world, especially in Africa and Asia, in the 19th and 20th centuries.
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Summary: Diplomacy by Kissinger – Chapter 15 – America Re-enters the Arena
This chapter discusses the role of Franklin Delano Roosevelt in turning World War II in favor of the Allies.
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Summary: Diplomacy by Kissinger – Chapter 14 – The Nazi-Soviet Pact
This chapter discusses the beginning of World War II, focusing on Stalin’s failed attempt to appease Hitler.