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English Revolutions in the 17th Century: An Overview
The period began with the struggle against the Tudors, and ended with the ascension of Dutch monarchs to the English throne.
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Unification of Germany: Origins, Wars & Bismarck’s Role
Germany was created from wars that unified various small kingdoms and two larger ones: Austria and Prussia.
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Unification of Italy: Summary, Origins, Phases
The Risorgimento made Italy become an independent country thanks to revolutionaries like Garibaldi and moderates like Cavour.
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Congress of Vienna: Participants, Principles & Decisions
In the Congress of Vienna, European powers reshaped the continent’s map and politics after the Napoleonic Era.
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Napoleonic Era: Summary, Phases & Consequences
For more than one decade, Napoleon reigned over France and dominated Europe, but he was ultimately defeated.
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French Revolution: Summary, Causes & Phases
The French Revolution was the process that began with a challenge to the rule of Louis XVI and ended with Napoleon Bonaparte’s rise to power.
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Mexican Revolution: Summary, Causes, Stages
Beginning in 1910, Mexico experienced a revolution against the regime of Porfirio Díaz in defense of social justice, culminating in the Constitution of 1917.
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U.S. History: Reconstruction Era (1865-1877)
After the Civil War, African Americans had to deal with major civil rights struggles amid growing racial tensions in the U.S.
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Biography of Adolf Hitler (1889-1945)
Hitler’s racist and authoritarian tendencies were at the center of World War II, and his Nazi regime in Germany only collapsed after he died in 1945.
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Summary: Diplomacy by Kissinger — Chapter 30 — Reagan and Gorbachev
This chapter discusses the end of the Cold War and the different policies adopted by the United States and the Soviet Union at that time.
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Summary: Diplomacy by Kissinger — Chapter 29 — Detente
This chapter discusses Nixon’s foreign policy for the Cold War and its repercussions in Europe, Asia and the Middle East.
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Summary: Diplomacy by Kissinger — Chapter 28 — Nixon’s Triangular Diplomacy
This chapter discusses Nixon’s pragmatic approach to relations with China and the USSR, which were undermined by the Watergate scandal.
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The Life of African Slaves in Brazil: Violence and Resistance
Africans and their descendants lived in subjugation in Brazil, but they resisted it and left a legacy in Brazilian society.
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African Slave Trade to Brazil: Reasons, Operation, and End
For many centuries, millions of Africans were transported to Brazil, where they were enslaved to sustain the economy.
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Indigenous Slavery in Brazil: Motives, Obstacles, and Laws
Indigenous labor was widely used in the early stages of Brazil’s colonization and persisted in various regions even after successive laws prohibited it.