Historia Mundum - World History for Everyone

American Civil War (1861-1865): Summary, Causes, Aftermath

The war began over the status of slavery in the U.S. and led to its abolition by Abraham Lincoln. However, racism persisted in the country.
American Revolution: Causes, Battles and Timeline

In 1776, the United States became an independent country following several years of discontent with British colonial rule.
Unification of Germany: Origins, Wars & Bismarck’s Role

Germany was created from wars that unified various small kingdoms and two larger ones: Austria and Prussia.
Unification of Italy: Summary, Origins, Phases

The Risorgimento made Italy become an independent country thanks to revolutionaries like Garibaldi and moderates like Cavour.
Napoleonic Era: Summary, Phases & Consequences

For more than one decade, Napoleon reigned over France and dominated Europe, but he was ultimately defeated.
French Revolution: Summary, Causes & Phases

The French Revolution was the process that began with a challenge to the rule of Louis XVI and ended with Napoleon Bonaparte’s rise to power.
Biography of Giuseppe Garibaldi (1807-1882)

Garibaldi was a major leader of the unification of Italy and he had an adventurous and tumultuous personal life.
Gilded Age (1877-1897): Summary, Characteristics, Presidencies

During the Gilded Age, the United States experienced unprecedented growth and urbanization, but corruption and social issues prevailed.
Summary: Diplomacy by Kissinger — Chapter 31 — The New World Order Reconsidered

This chapter discusses the state of international relations and American foreign policy after the Cold War’s end.
Mexican Revolution: Summary, Causes, Stages

Beginning in 1910, Mexico experienced a revolution against the regime of Porfirio Díaz in defense of social justice, culminating in the Constitution of 1917.
U.S. History: Reconstruction Era (1865-1877)

After the Civil War, African Americans had to deal with major civil rights struggles amid growing racial tensions in the U.S.
Biography of Adolf Hitler (1889-1945)

Hitler’s racist and authoritarian tendencies were at the center of World War II, and his Nazi regime in Germany only collapsed after he died in 1945.
Summary: Diplomacy by Kissinger — Chapter 30 — Reagan and Gorbachev

This chapter discusses the end of the Cold War and the different policies adopted by the United States and the Soviet Union at that time.
Summary: Diplomacy by Kissinger — Chapter 29 — Detente

This chapter discusses Nixon’s foreign policy for the Cold War and its repercussions in Europe, Asia and the Middle East.
Summary: Diplomacy by Kissinger — Chapter 28 — Nixon’s Triangular Diplomacy

This chapter discusses Nixon’s pragmatic approach to relations with China and the USSR, which were undermined by the Watergate scandal.