This chapter discusses the state of international relations and American foreign policy after the Cold War’s end.

The Mexican Revolution began in 1910 against Porfirio Díaz and reshaped Mexico through civil war, land demands and the Constitution of 1917.

After the Civil War, African Americans had to deal with major civil rights struggles amid growing racial tensions in the U.S.

Hitler’s racist and authoritarian tendencies were at the center of World War II, and his Nazi regime in Germany only collapsed after he died in 1945.

This chapter discusses the end of the Cold War and the different policies adopted by the United States and the Soviet Union at that time.

This chapter discusses Nixon’s pragmatic approach to relations with China and the USSR, which were undermined by the Watergate scandal.

This chapter discusses Nixon’s foreign policy for the Cold War and its repercussions in Europe, Asia and the Middle East.

Africans and their descendants lived in subjugation in Brazil, but they resisted it and left a legacy in Brazilian society.

For many centuries, millions of Africans were transported to Brazil, where they were enslaved to sustain the economy.