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Brazilian Economy in the Dutra Administration
The Dutra administration oscillated in economic policy: from liberalism with orthodoxy to protectionism with heterodoxy.
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Brazilian Economy in the Vargas Era (1930-1945)
The Vargas Era began in the context of the Great Depression, but managed to promote intensive industrial growth in Brazil.
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Summary: Diplomacy by Kissinger – Chapter 9 – The New Face of Diplomacy
This chapter discusses the transition from the First World War to the Treaty of Versailles, influenced by Woodrow Wilson, that established a fragile peace.
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Summary: Diplomacy by Kissinger – Chapter 8 – Into the Vortex
This chapter discusses the short-term causes for the outbreak of World War I after the assassination of Franz Ferdinand, heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne.
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Summary: Diplomacy by Kissinger – Chapter 7 – A Political Doomsday Machine
This chapter discusses the long-term tensions between Germany, Russia, Great Britain and France that led to World War I.
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Unification of Germany: Origins, Wars & Bismarck’s Role
Germany was created from wars that unified various small kingdoms and two larger ones: Austria and Prussia.
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Brazilian Economy in the First Republic
During the First Republic, Brazil experienced significant economic transformations but remained dependent on coffee exports.
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Biography of Napoleon Bonaparte (1769-1821)
Napoleon was a French general who became Consul, then Emperor. He ruled over Europe for many years until his final defeat and exile.
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Summary: Diplomacy by Kissinger – Chapter 6 – Realpolitik Turns on Itself
This chapter discusses the initiatives of Bismarck’s Germany to influence the balance of power in 19th-century Europe.