20th Century

Mexican Revolution: Summary, Causes, Stages

Beginning in 1910, Mexico experienced a revolution against the regime of Porfirio Díaz in defense of social justice, culminating in the Constitution of 1917.
Biography of Adolf Hitler (1889-1945)

Hitler’s racist and authoritarian tendencies were at the center of World War II, and his Nazi regime in Germany only collapsed after he died in 1945.
Summary: Diplomacy by Kissinger — Chapter 29 — Detente

This chapter discusses Nixon’s foreign policy for the Cold War and its repercussions in Europe, Asia and the Middle East.
Summary: Diplomacy by Kissinger — Chapter 28 — Nixon’s Triangular Diplomacy

This chapter discusses Nixon’s pragmatic approach to relations with China and the USSR, which were undermined by the Watergate scandal.
Summary: Diplomacy by Kissinger – Chapter 27 – Vietnam: Nixon

This chapter discusses the end of the Vietnam War, during Nixon’s presidency in the United States.
Summary: Diplomacy by Kissinger – Chapter 26 – Vietnam: Kennedy and Johnson

This chapter discusses the increased American participation in the Vietnam War, culminating in the administration of Lyndon Johnson.
Summary: Diplomacy by Kissinger – Chapter 25 – Vietnam: Truman and Eisenhower

This chapter examines how the United States began its involvement in Vietnam, aiming to contain Communist ideology despite the complexities of local dynamics.
Summary: Diplomacy by Kissinger – Chapter 24 – Concepts of Western Unity

This chapter discusses the different strategies of American, British and French statesmen to face the expansionism of the Soviet Union during the Cold War.
Summary: Diplomacy by Kissinger – Chapter 23 – The Berlin Crisis

This chapter discusses the controversy regarding the status of Berlin during the Cold War, when the Soviets reacted to Western presence in Germany.